Problem+Research

=Problem Research:=

=Note= **Source Citation:** "Cancer." //The Gale Encyclopedia of Science//. Ed. K. Lee Lerner and Brenda Wilmoth Lerner. 4th ed. Vol. 1. Detroit: Gale, 2008. 742-751. //Gale Virtual Reference Library//. Web. 2 Nov. 2011. **Document URL:** []


 * cancer is a large group of diseases(almost 100)
 * Cancer cells have uncontrolled growth and also can migrate from its original position in the human body
 * Over 550 million people die of cancer each year in the united states
 * Around 1.4 million new types of cancer will be diagnosed
 * Most cancer cases are seen within middle-aged adults and older
 * Cancer increases due to age increase
 * The cause of death in most western societies is cancer
 * some most common ways to get cancer are tobacco, alcohol, occupation, family history, environment and pollution
 * Smoking causes cancer to form in the liver, stomach, bladder, kidney, etc.
 * second hand smoking increases a persons risk of cancer
 * drinking a lot of alcohol can cause liver cancer
 * drinking and usage of tobacco can increase chances of receiving mouth cancer, Pharynx, larynx , etc.

**Source Citation** Magner, Lois N. "Advances in Understanding Cancer." //Science and Its Times//. Ed. Neil Schlager and Josh Lauer. Vol. 7: 1950 to Present. Detroit: Gale, 2001. 322-325. //Gale Virtual Reference Library//. Web. 2 Nov. 2011. Document URL [|http://go.galegroup.com/ps/i.do?&id=GALE%7CCX3408504398&v=2.1&u=pl7053&it=r&p=GPS&sw=w]


 * cancer is classified by where it starts in the human body
 * Sarcoma is the name for a cancer that starts from bone, muscle, or connective tissue
 * carcinoma is the name for cancer that begins in epithelial tissue or organs
 * some symptoms of cancer are stress, viruses, ageing, etc.
 * tumors can be a sign of having cancer
 * the loss of control of normal cell division and multiplication can define cancer
 * most common cancers in the U.S for men is colon, prostate, and lung
 * most common cancers in the U.S for woman is breast, colon, and lung
 * After world war two the research for finding a drug for cancer was extended
 * before the 1970's the basic steps for treating cancer was surgery, radiation, or chemotherapy
 * in 1964 a book was published and it stated that cigarettes were the cause of cancer
 * it was recommended that woman had bilateral breast removal if high risk of cancer in the 1990's

**Source Citation:** "Animal cancer tests." //The Gale Encyclopedia of Science//. Ed. K. Lee Lerner and Brenda Wilmoth Lerner. 4th ed. Vol. 1. Detroit: Gale, 2008. 225-226. //Gale Virtual Reference Library//. Web. 2 Nov. 2011. **Document URL:** []


 * tests were conducted on animals to better understand the causes of cancer
 * tests were conducted on animals to find treatment for cancer
 * animals were used to find substances that create cancer so that researchers can find a way to prevent cancer
 * help create a better effective chemotherapy
 * mice create the perfect specimen for experiment of cancer/cancer treatment
 * mice can receive the same type of cancer that humans receive
 * Mice have the same genes that relate to cancer
 * mice can have tumors implanted into them
 * by inserting or removing genes scientists can "obtain valuable clues to the biochemistry of cancer
 * a vital type of "mouse model is called the nude mouse"

**Source Citation:** "Preface to 'Cancer Treatments'." //Cancer//. Ed. Clayton Farris Naff. Detroit: Greenhaven Press, 2008. Contemporary Issues Companion. //Opposing Viewpoints In Context//. Web. 2 Nov. 2011. **Document URL:** [|http://go.galegroup.com/ps/i.do?&id=GALE%7CEJ3010494103&v=2.1&u=pl7053&it=r&p=GPS&sw=w]

**Source Citation:** Hess, David. "Cancer." //Encyclopedia of Science, Technology, and Ethics//. Ed. Carl Mitcham. Vol. 1. Detroit: Macmillan Reference USA, 2005. 285-288. //Gale Virtual Reference Library//. Web. 2 Nov. 2011. **Document URL:** [|http://go.galegroup.com/ps/i.do?&id=GALE%7CCX3434900119&v=2.1&u=pl7053&it=r&p=GPS&sw=w]
 * Problems with chemotherapy can be "nausea and hair loss"
 * some cancers might not be effected by drugs causing "Primary Chemotherapy" to not work at all


 * "claims of military and industrial pollution" is a risk of cancer
 * "a decade of expenditures from the U.S. has reached up to three billion dollars per year" for the study of cancer
 * some types of cancer can be hereditary
 * types of cancer that are hereditary is "BRCA1 and BRCA2 breast cancer"